Nevada State Board of Cosmetology Practice Exam

What is the purpose of a patch test before applying a color treatment?

1. To check for the right shade

2. To determine hair texture

3. To check for allergic reactions

4. To measure hair length

The correct answer is: To check for allergic reactions

The purpose of a patch test before applying a color treatment is to check for allergic reactions. This is an essential safety measure in cosmetology, especially when working with hair dyes and other chemical treatments that can cause skin irritation or allergic responses. The patch test involves applying a small amount of the color product to a discreet area of skin, typically behind the ear or on the inner elbow, and observing it for a specified period—usually 24 to 48 hours. If any redness, itching, or swelling occurs, it indicates that the client may be allergic to one or more ingredients in the product. This test helps prevent potential adverse reactions during the full application, ensuring the safety and well-being of the client. Other options, such as checking for the right shade and determining hair texture, do not involve evaluating the client's health or safety and therefore are not the primary function of a patch test. Measuring hair length is unrelated to the necessity of conducting a patch test before a chemical treatment.